Seabirds & Marine Mammals
CalCOFI Bird & Mammal Census
farallon_bird-mammalFarallon InstituteCC BY 4.0in the release since v2026.08.02ingested
Bird and mammal observations along CalCOFI (and NMFS, CPR) cruise transects, 1987-present. CalCOFI holds 69,661 observations from 34,394 sampling events at 115 stations, 1987–2022, at the surface.
- 1987–2022
- years
- 69,661
- observations
- 34,394
- sampling events
- 115
- stations
- 121
- species
- surface
- depth
What this is
Bird and mammal observations along CalCOFI (and NMFS, CPR) cruise transects, 1987-present. Transect effort, counts, and species live from NOAA ERDDAP (CAC_FI_SBAS_tr / CAC_FI_SBAS_obs / CAC_FI_SBAS_sp); behavior lookups curated via CCE-LTER DataZoo 255 (PI Bill Sydeman). On CalCOFI cruises the Scripps Whale Acoustics Lab runs its own cetacean line-transect survey (sio_cetacean-sightings) with an independent observer team, so a cetacean group can be logged by both. Once that survey is released, this dataset’s marine-mammal observations on the cruises it covers (whole cruises) are left out, so the two can be summed without counting the same animals twice; birds, fish and turtles, and marine mammals on other cruises, are kept.
What is in it
1 variable · count units and counts
obs_bio profile · one value per taxon at a sampling event · 69,661 values · 1987–2022 · 1 variable
131 taxa · Larus occidentalis western gull, Hydrobates leucorhous leach's storm-petrel, Aves unidentified albatross, Ardenna grisea sooty shearwater, Larus californicus california gull, Phalaropus fulicarius red phalarope … the 50 most observed
- Larus occidentalis Western Gull 9176
- Hydrobates leucorhous Leach's Storm-Petrel 7670
- Aves Unidentified Albatross 6491
- Ardenna grisea Sooty Shearwater 4450
- Larus californicus California Gull 3529
- Phalaropus fulicarius Red Phalarope 2446
- Ardenna creatopus Pink-Footed Shearwater 2329
- Ptychoramphus aleuticus Cassin's Auklet 2296
- Fulmarus glacialis Northern Fulmar 2223
- Pelecanus occidentalis Brown Pelican 2057
- Pterodroma cookii Cook's Petrel 1931
- Phoebastria nigripes Black-Footed Albatross 1809
- Zalophus californianus California Sea Lion 1470
- Puffinus opisthomelas Black-Vented Shearwater 1399
- Delphinus delphis Short-Beaked Common Dolphin 1255
- Cerorhinca monocerata Rhinoceros Auklet 1202
- Larus argentatus Herring Gull 1171
- Phalaropus lobatus Red-Necked Phalarope 1144
- Urile penicillatus Brandt's Cormorant 1040
- Stercorarius pomarinus Pomarine Jaeger 931
- Uria aalge Common Murre 926
- Rissa tridactyla Black-Legged Kittiwake 834
- Mammalia Unidentified Balaenoptera 804
- Thalasseus elegans Elegant Tern 770
- Chroicocephalus philadelphia Bonaparte's Gull 643
- Gavia pacifica Pacific Loon 562
- Ardenna Dark Shearwater 499
- Larus heermanni Heermann's Gull 475
- Hydrobates melania Black Storm-Petrel 468
- Phoebastria immutabilis Laysan Albatross 363
- Ardenna bulleri Buller's Shearwater 335
- Synthliboramphus hypoleucus Guadalupe Murrelet 274
- Stercorarius parasiticus Parasitic Jaeger 270
- Xema sabini Sabine's Gull 231
- Phocoenoides dalli Dall's Porpoise 221
- Urile pelagicus Pelagic Cormorant 219
- Larus delawarensis Ring-Billed Gull 200
- Sagmatias obliquidens Pacific White-Sided Dolphin 197
- Nannopterum auritum Double-Crested Cormorant 194
- Gavia immer Common Loon 180
- Hydrobates homochroa Ashy Storm-Petrel 171
- Megaptera novaeangliae Humpback Whale 169
- Callorhinus ursinus Northern Fur Seal 167
- Balaenoptera musculus Blue Whale 162
- Larus glaucescens Glaucous-Winged Gull 158
- Grampus griseus Risso's Dolphin 156
- Ardenna tenuirostris Short-Tailed / Slender-Billed Shearwater 152
- Thalasseus maximus Royal Tern 148
- Phaethon aethereus Red-Billed Tropicbird 145
- Gavia arctica Arctic Loon 143
In the vocabulary, not yet observed (2)
Names this dataset declares in dataset_taxon that carry no observation anywhere in the release, so the species catalog draws no page for them.
- Larus dominicanus KEGU
- Pandion haliaetus OSPR
Every month of the year · extent 29.8–37.8°N, 126.5–117.2°W · 1987-05 to 2022-10
Ways in
Explorerdb-queryOriginal at NOAA ERDDAPERDDAPParquetnetCDFSTACIngest notebookAs JSON
Every endpoint 30 · explore 4, get the data 8, code 4, metadata records 7, archives & portals 7
Every endpoint this dataset can be reached through, grouped by how you would use it. Each name is the link; the copy button beside it copies the address. Everything is in the release record and was answered when the release was cut.
Apps that read this dataset from the release. The icons after a name are the app’s lenses — the spatial grain it shows the data at.
Every way to have the bytes, by source. Nothing here asks you to register first.
Tables from the release (Parquet)
The release’s own tables, as the parquet objects it is frozen from — the same bytes every app and package below reads. A table this dataset shares with others holds every dataset’s rows, so filter on dataset_key; a partition holds only this dataset’s. since is the release whose rows these are: an unchanged table keeps its object.
CF netCDF
One self-describing file, for a tool that reads netCDF.
how far this file is CF
Fully CF: each row is an independent observation with its own time and position, which is a CF point collection. Rows are at the OCCURRENCE grain (event x taxon x life stage x depth), not the event grain, so a sample with many taxa contributes many points.
ERDDAP (erddap.calcofi.io)
One ERDDAP dataset per grain. Subset in the browser or query it from a script; for netCDF take the CF file above.
- length/stage frequency
- one row per size or stage class of a specimen, under the occurrence it belongs to
- observations
- one row per measurement — value, units and quality flag — joined to the sampling event it was taken on
- sampling events
- one row per cast, tow or transect: when, where and how it was sampled, with the effort that scales it
From the provider
The dataset as its provider publishes it, before CalCOFI ingested it.
The same release, from a script or a browser SQL shell.
Packages
The whole release, pinned to a version, with the citation one call away.
con <- calcofi4r::cc_get_db()
calcofi4r::cc_cite("farallon_bird-mammal")
con = calcofi4py.cc_get_db()
calcofi4py.cc_cite("farallon_bird-mammal")
DuckDB, anywhere
No CalCOFI package needed: each table above is a plain parquet object, readable by any DuckDB (or Arrow, pandas, Spark) from its URL. The path carries a content hash — a table whose rows did not change between releases keeps the same object, so nothing unchanged is stored or downloaded twice. Swap in any table above; one shared with other datasets needs WHERE dataset_key = 'farallon_bird-mammal'. Every object of every release is listed in db-schema.
SELECT *
FROM read_parquet('https://storage.googleapis.com/calcofi-db/ducklake/tables/obs/dataset_key=farallon_bird-mammal/fc2b04bb0fe0c545553db6da/data_0.parquet')
LIMIT 100;
db-query, in the browser
__TBL:obs__ is db-query’s name for the pinned release’s obs object — the hashed path above, resolved for you — so the same SQL keeps working when a release changes the object.
-- farallon_bird-mammal in the CalCOFI release v2026.11.05
SELECT *
FROM __TBL:obs__
WHERE dataset_key = 'farallon_bird-mammal'
LIMIT 100;
Records about the data, in the standards each portal harvests.
Where this dataset is registered outside calcofi.io: each portal’s role, what it is for, the dataset’s status there and the identifier it is known by. The policy — which portal is the archive of record and why — is in Portals.
Policy Archive of record: CCE-LTER's EDI package knb-lter-cce.255.3 (the Farallon Institute's deposit); the ingest reads NOAA OceanView ERDDAP. OBIS: planned, seabirds #43 and marine mammals #44 — the Darwin Core Archive is built and staged each release.
Cite no citation from the provider yet
This dataset's own citation. What to cite, and how, is a chapter of the docs book.
The provider has not confirmed a citation for this dataset yet (11 open questions with the provider). Cite the release below, and name the dataset by its key.
CalCOFI Bird & Mammal Census [dataset].
License: CC-BY-4.0
Acknowledgement: This product uses data collected by the Farallon Institute, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association's (NOAA) Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) with funding distributed to the Southern California Coastal Ocean Observing System (SCCOOS), and the U.S. National Science Foundation's (NSF) California Current Ecosystem Long Term Ecological Research (CCE LTER) site under Grant No. OCE 2142918 (and earlier awards). Earlier financial and organizational support for these seabird observations was also provided through generous gifts from the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Moore Family Foundation, Packard Foundation, and Point Blue Conservation Science. We acknowledge data originators and PIs Richard R. Veit, K. David Hyrenbach, and William J. Sydeman.
BibTeX
@misc{farallon_bird-mammal,
title = {CalCOFI Bird & Mammal Census},
note = {License: CC-BY-4.0; Acknowledgement: This product uses data collected by the Farallon Institute, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association's (NOAA) Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) with funding distributed to the Southern California Coastal Ocean Observing System (SCCOOS), and the U.S. National Science Foundation's (NSF) California Current Ecosystem Long Term Ecological Research (CCE LTER) site under Grant No. OCE 2142918 (and earlier awards). Earlier financial and organizational support for these seabird observations was also provided through generous gifts from the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Moore Family Foundation, Packard Foundation, and Point Blue Conservation Science. We acknowledge data originators and PIs Richard R. Veit, K. David Hyrenbach, and William J. Sydeman.
}
}
Acknowledgement. This product uses data collected by the Farallon Institute, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association's (NOAA) Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) with funding distributed to the Southern California Coastal Ocean Observing System (SCCOOS), and the U.S. National Science Foundation's (NSF) California Current Ecosystem Long Term Ecological Research (CCE LTER) site under Grant No. OCE 2142918 (and earlier awards). Earlier financial and organizational support for these seabird observations was also provided through generous gifts from the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Moore Family Foundation, Packard Foundation, and Point Blue Conservation Science. We acknowledge data originators and PIs Richard R. Veit, K. David Hyrenbach, and William J. Sydeman.
…and the release it came from
CalCOFI (2026). CalCOFI Integrated Database, release v2026.11.05 [Data set]. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, NOAA Fisheries, and California Department of Fish and Wildlife. https://calcofi.io/db-schema/?v=v2026.11.05
BibTeX
@misc{calcofi_release_v2026_11_05,
title = {CalCOFI Integrated Database, release v2026.11.05},
author = {CalCOFI},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Scripps Institution of Oceanography, NOAA Fisheries, and California Department of Fish and Wildlife},
url = {https://calcofi.io/db-schema/?v=v2026.11.05}
}
Provenance source read 2026-09-04 · 6 release tables · 2 changed in v2026.11.05 · 8 source files
What changed in v2026.11.05
- obs 744 KB · since v2026.11.05
- taxon_group 2.7 KB · since v2026.10.08
Source files
The original inputs the ingest notebook read, archived by the ingest to the public files bucket — 8 files, 21.7 MB.
- CalCOFI_bird-mammal-census_allspecieslist.csv12.3 KB2026-07-31
- CalCOFI_bird-mammal-census_behaviorcodes.csv74 B2026-07-31
- CalCOFI_bird-mammal-census_observations.csv2.0 MB2026-07-31
- CalCOFI_bird-mammal-census_transects.csv9.3 MB2026-07-31
- README.txt3.4 KB2026-07-31
- erddap/CAC_FI_SBAS_obs.csv2.7 MB2026-09-04
- erddap/CAC_FI_SBAS_sp.csv10.3 KB2026-09-04
- erddap/CAC_FI_SBAS_tr.csv7.7 MB2026-09-04
Open questions for the provider 1 on this dataset · 11 open in all
- Q09 citation_main — proposed
Each is a field the record proposes and the provider has not yet confirmed.
Keywords 3 GCMD
BirdsMammalsSeabirds
Everything here is open; nothing on calcofi.io asks you to register first. If this dataset ends up in something you build or publish, register your use so it can be credited and linked back; to hear when a release changes it, stay informed. Questions: data@calcofi.io.